Presentation on theme: "Unit 5: The Age of Imperialism"— Presentation transcript:
1 Unit 5: The Age of Imperialism
Mr. David C. James 7th Grade Social Studies – Harold E. Winkler Middle School
2 What is Imperialism? – a time period in which “stronger, more advanced” countries began taking over “less developed” areas, colonizing them and/or influencing them to expand their own power.
3 The Age of Imperialism From the 1700s through the early 1900s, the nations of Europe began to build empires around the world. European nations competed with each other to gain the most territory. Brought great gains for the Europeans, but devastation to the regions they imperialized.
4 Economic Markets Political Ideological Religious Exploratory Motives
Superiority beliefs (racism) -Social Darwinism Empire making Exploratory Explore unknown Scientific research Adventure Meet cultures Religious Spread Christianity Spread values Educate others “White Man’s Burden” End slavery Political Gain power Compete with other nations for world domination Expand territory Nationalism Economic Make money for the mother country Control trade New markets Materials for Industrialization Motives For Imperialism Economic Markets Political Ideological Religious Exploratory
5 Africa before Imperialism
Before Imperialism, Africa was divided into many ethnic groups, or tribes. There were over a 1,000 different languages European contact was made in the 1400s. This contact was mostly on the coastline. Disease such as Malaria, discouraged European expeditions into the country.
6 The Berlin Conference - 1885
When the exploration of Africa began, the leaders of Europe came together to “split-up” the continent. Why?? An agreement of boundaries, so no war would occur between them. Problem: There was no African representation. No tribal leaders were present to give their opinion over the partition of their own countries.
7 The Berlin Conference 1884-1885
“The Scramble for Africa” Why Didn’t the African Population Fight Back?
8 The Scramble for Africa
9 King Leopold’s Congo King Leopold of Belgium claimed that he wanted to end slavery and establish Christianity in the “uncivilized nation”. His real reason for wanting the Congo was to force African slaves to collect sap from rubber trees. This led to the genocide of millions of Congolese between
10 The Democratic Republic of the Congo Today
Although citizens of the Congo are considered to be some of the poorest people in the world, the country itself is considered one of the richest Has an abundance of natural resources with 30% of the world’s diamond reserves. Christianity is the dominant religion of the Congo. French is the official language.
11 The Battle for South Africa
The Dutch (Netherlands) were the 1st to settle South Africa in 1652.The Dutch settlers were known as ‘Boers’ (Dutch for farmers). The British began settling the same area in the 1800s. The ‘Boer War’ broke out in 1899. The British seized control of South Africa and began mining the valuable diamonds and gold in the area.
12 South Africa Today Racial conflict has continued in South Africa since the years of European rule. Under the National Party Government in 1948, Apartheid was instituted (complete separation of the races by governmental law). The blacks of South Africa protested (Nelson Mandela) Apartheid established separate schools, hospitals, and neighborhoods. Due to pressure from other countries, Mandela was released from prison and elected the first black President of South Africa. Democracy was set up and a Constitution was put in-place. Today, South Africa has other issues such as a high crime rate, poverty level and the AIDS epidemic.
13 Modern Day Exploitation of Africa
“Blood Diamonds”
14 End of Day 1 Notes Resources The British Empire - Brain Pop
Imperialism - Flocabulary Imperialism - Crash Course Congo and It’s History – Crash Course
15 British in India
16 The Riches of India The East India Company
Private business that ran the trade industry from Great Britain to India. The East India Company ruled the economics of India with little interference. They traded valuable tea, spices, and silks. The British considered India the brightest “Jewel of the Crown”.
17 The Impact of India Colonialism
Benefits: A large railroad network enabled India to develop a modern economy and connect many cities throughout the country. Local schools, universities, dams, bridges, and other projects modernized the country. Negatives: The British held most of the political and economic power in the India. The presence of missionaries and a racist attitude threatened traditional Indian beliefs and culture.
18 The Sepoy Mutiny Sepoy Mutiny of 1857
The East India Company began a military in India, known as the Sepoys. The Sepoys were native Indian soldiers (mainly Hindu or Muslim) fighting for the British crown. Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 By 1850, due to feelings of nationalism, many Indians began resenting the British in their country. Also, the British had given the Sepoys a new type of gun that the soldiers had to bite of the cartilage that was soaked in beef and pork fat. This brought on the Sepoy Mutiny. The British put down the revolt and strengthened their reign on India. Direct Rule (Raj)
19 Indian Independence Movement
Due to the expense of World War I & II, Great Britain’s land holdings began to diminish. Amritsar Massacre When a public meeting went airy, the British commander in charge ordered the troops to fire on the crowd. 400 Indians died and 1,200 were wounded. Overnight, thousands of British loyalists changed to Indian nationalists and began demanding independence. Stop video at 1:30 Mohandas K. Gandhi After the Amritsar Massacre, the Indian people were looking for leadership. Gandhi was a very religious man who focused on non-violent means of protest. Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods, British ran schools, pay British taxes, and boycott British made cloth…a major source of wealth for the British empire. These protests took an economic toll on the British crown. “An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind.” -Gandhi
20 India after Imperialism
Government of India Act of 1935 The British government provided “limited” self government to the Indian people, but not total independence. After World War II, the British did not have the money to keep up with the expenses in India. However, there was a big problem…who should receive the power…the Hindus or the Muslims? The Partition of India The British government split India into 2 sections. Green = Muslim land holdings Red = Hindu land holdings
21 India after Imperialism
Hindus and Muslims continue to clash Due to the relocation of millions of Indians, conflict continued between Hindus and Muslims throughout India. An estimated 1 million Indians died during this time. Gandhi was assassinated during this time as well on January 30, 1948. India Today By 2035, India is expected to be the most populated country in the world. India continues to be divided by religious strife and social inequalities. Also, the intense conflict between India and neighboring Pakistan and their owning of nuclear weapons, keeps the region on edge.
22 China resists Outside Influence
Background: Out of pride and nationalism, the Chinese “looked” down on foreigners. When an ambassador from England visited in 1793, Emperor Qing wrote a letter to King George III stating, “…we are not interested in your strange objects and gadgets.” Because of their self-sufficiency, the Chinese had little interest in trading with others, but westerners (Europeans) were determined to find a product the Chinese would buy in large quantity. Enter…Opium.
23 Opium in Chinese Culture
Opium War of 1839 War broke out between the Chinese and British which was mainly fought on sea. The Chinese traditional/ outdated boats were no-match for the British and they were defeated. The treaty gave Great Britain the great trade city of Hong Kong. Opium is a highly addictive drug from the poppy seed plant that by 1835, 12 million Chinese were smoking. Opium was outlawed by the Chinese government, but trading did not stop between the British and black market merchants.
24 Western Influence in China Grows
Sphere of Influence – an area in which a foreign country controlled trade and investment. Open Door Policy – Proposed by the United States, that China’s “doors” remain open to trade from ALL nations.
25 Chinese Nationalism A Surge in Chinese Nationalism Boxer Rebellion
Poor peasants and workers who resented foreign privilege Beginnings of Reform China tried to become more western Further added to internal problems
26 Imperialism in Japan Japan remained isolated from western world for centuries – only traded mainly with China Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) – ends Japan’s isolation Meiji Reform – Japan begins to modernize beginning in 1867 Japan was competitive with the west in many modern industries
27 Japan’s Policy of Imperialism
the Japanese engaged the Chinese in theSino-Japanese Waras they soughtnatural resourcesand trading rights on mainland Asia ( ) Russo-Japanese War (1904) Treaty of Portsmouth Japan gained Russian territory Russia forced out of Korea Japan Controls Korea Takes control of the peninsula in 1910 Begins a period of extreme oppression Japan continues to imperialize throughout the early 1900s 1940- Japan announced that it would form a Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere which encouraged Asian nations to resist western imperialists in order to contribute to the industrial needs of the Japanese war machine.
28 Effects of Imperialism
European nations (and America) profited from the colonies they controlled and developed international markets Native traditions declined and many peoples were forced to “civilize” by accepting European ways and religions Education was introduced in the new colonies and more became literate Lands were stripped in the colonies and the environment was polluted by the Empires Ideas of superiority and inferiority developed, making the Colonizers feel justified in their treatment of those they colonized
29 End of Day 2 Notes Resources Asian Imperialism – Crash Course
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